Worked Problems

Solving Equations with Inverse Trig Functions

Tip 1:

Need a scientific calculator? The one I personally use is the Desmos Scientific Calculator.

Problem #1

Solve the equation for values between 0 and 2π, inclusive. Round to the nearest hundredth of a radian, if necessary.

sin(x) = 0.25

How I Solve This

I solve this in four steps. 

Step 1: Solve for x.

To solve for x, I need to take the inverse sine of both sides of the equation. For values in which this function is defined, it will cancel out the sine. I make this assumption.

sin-1(sin(x)) = sin-1(0.25)

x = sin-1(0.25)

Step 2: Evaluate.

Now, I take out my calculator and evaluate, making sure that my calculator is in radian mode

The first result I get, rounding to the nearest hundredth is:

x ≈ 0.25

Since 0.25 radians is a solution, I know that 0.25 + 2π represents all multiples of 0.25, and thus many more solutions to the equation. 

Next, I need to consider that there is another solution that isn’t a multiple of 0.25, which I can find with the formula:

π – sin-1(0.25)

Approximated, this is 2.89 radians. 

All the solutions that hadn’t been accounted for by 0.25 + 2π are thus considered with the expression 2.89 + 2π.

Step 3: Restrict.

I am given an interval over which to restrict my answer: between 0 and 2π. So, I need to make sure I list out all the valid answers that are between that range.

To make it easier, I estimate what 2π is.

2π ≈ 6.28

So anything between 0 and 6.28 radians is valid.

First, I’ll start by considering my initial answer of 0.25 radians. Since 0 < 0.25 < 6.28, it is a solution.

Next, I’ll consider if any multiple of 0.25 will also be a solution. It is obvious that it won’t, since 0.25 + 2π, or 0.25 + 6.28, is always greater than 2π, or 6.28. 

Now, I’ll decide whether my second determined answer, 2.89 radians, works. Since 0 < 2.89 < 6.28, it does. However, no multiple of 2.89 will work since 2.89 + 6.28 > 6.28.

Step 4: Answer.

The solutions to the equation sin(x) = 0.25 for the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π, rounded to the nearest hundredth, are x = 0.25, 2.89 radians.

Extra Step (For A+ Students): Check.

I can use my calculator (in radian mode) to evaluate sin(x) for x = 0.25 and x = 2.89 to determine if the result is equal to 0.25. 

sin(0.25) ≈ 0.25

sin(2.89) ≈ 0.25

I got the answers right.

Problem #2

Determine all the solutions to the equation. Round to the nearest tenth of a degree.

9cos(6x) – 4 = 5.

How I Solve This

I solve this in four steps.

Step 1: Solve for x.

I start by isolating x in the equation.

9cos(6x) – 4 = 5

9cos(6x) = 9

cos(6x) = 1

I remove the cos() by taking the cos-1 (inverse cosine) of both sides. Here, I must assume the inverse cosine function is defined.

cos(6x) = 1

6x = cos-1(1)

x = cos-1(1)/6

Step 2: Evaluate.

I use my calculator to evaluate cos-1(1)/6.

cos-1(1)/6 = 0

Step 3: Determine All Solutions.
I know that cos-1(1)/6 = 0. The other solution would be -0, by the principle cos(𝜃) = cos(-𝜃), but since 0 has no negative, the only solution here is 0.

Now, I need to write the solution.

Generally, the solutions to an equation involving cosine are the solutions determined with the statement cos(𝜃) = cos(-𝜃), + 360˚ • n, where n is any integer. However, since I’m finding the solutions to cos-1(1)/6, I need to divide 360 by 6. This results in the solution statement:

0 + 60˚ • n

This is also simply 60˚ • n.

Step 4: Answer.

The solutions to the equation are 60˚ • n, where n is any integer.

Extra Step (For A+ Students): Check.

I can plug in 60˚, 120˚, and 180˚ in for x in the original equation to check if I have solved the equation correctly.

Using my calculator (in degree mode), I get:

9cos(6(60˚)) – 4 = 5

9cos(6(120˚)) – 4 = 5

9cos(6(180˚)) – 4 = 5

I got the answer right.

Summary of My Method

There are several ways to solve an equation using inverse trigonometric functions. The solution method also depends on the type of problem. However, the general takeaways are as follows.

  1. Isolate x on one side, using the appropriate trigonometric function.
  2. Use a calculator to evaluate the inverse trigonometric function.
  3. Use the appropriate trigonometric principle or equality to solve for the other solutions.
  4. Depending on whether you’re given a restricted interval, you can use a general form to represent all solutions to the equation, or you can evaluate and list only the solutions that are within the given range.

As always, check the solutions to make sure they’re actual solutions.

Finally, when dealing with trigonometric functions, make sure your calculator is in the correct mode (radians or degrees), depending on the problem you’re working.

If you have any questions or would like some help with problems like these, feel free to send me a message. I hope these calculations will help you as you continue on your journey of math mastery 🙂

~ Your Humble Study Buddy, 

Ace

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